{"id":29857,"date":"2024-04-14T20:18:43","date_gmt":"2024-04-14T19:18:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zszelena42.eu\/2021\/?p=29857"},"modified":"2024-04-14T20:26:11","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T19:26:11","slug":"jak-jsme-v-dejepise-ostrakizovali-tak-trochu-naopak-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zszelena42.eu\/2021\/skolni-rok\/2023-2024\/6-a-23-24\/jak-jsme-v-dejepise-ostrakizovali-tak-trochu-naopak-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak jsme v d\u011bjepise ostrakizovali tak trochu naopak"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ostrakon je \u0159eck\u00e9 slovo ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed \u201est\u0159ep hlin\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1doby\u201c. St\u0159epy slou\u017eily i k takzvan\u00e9mu ostrakismu (st\u0159epinov\u00e9mu hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/strong>. I my jsme se pokusili v hodin\u011b d\u011bjepisu vyrobit takov\u00e9to ostraky a z\u00e1rov\u011b\u0148 se tak sezn\u00e1mit i s \u0159eckou abecedou – alfabetou, kterou pak \u017e\u00e1ci vyu\u017eij\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v hodin\u00e1ch geometrie<\/strong>. Jen nam\u00edsto napsan\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na „nep\u0159\u00edtele“ Ath\u00e9n byly zru\u010dn\u011b na ostraku naps\u00e1ny vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9na \u017e\u00e1k\u016f \u0161est\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ostrakismus byl zaveden v ath\u00e9nsk\u00e9 \u00fastav\u011b v roce 510 p\u0159. n. l.<\/strong>. Spo\u010d\u00edval v hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f pomoc\u00ed hlin\u011bn\u00fdch st\u0159ep\u016f (\u0159ecky ostrakon, \u1f44\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd) o tom, je-li n\u011bkdo z nich nep\u0159\u00edtelem st\u00e1tu.<\/strong> Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok, zhruba v na\u0161em m\u011bs\u00edci lednu, lidov\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed rozhodovalo o tom, zda je pro dan\u00fd rok pot\u0159eba hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed o vypov\u011bzen\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dat. Byla-li odpov\u011b\u010f kladn\u00e1, uskute\u010dnilo se hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00e9m z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dn\u016f. Lidov\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed hlasovalo t\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd z \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f napsal na hlin\u011bn\u00fd st\u0159ep \u2013 levn\u00fd dobov\u00fd psac\u00ed materi\u00e1l<\/strong> \u2013 jm\u00e9no \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd dle jeho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro obec<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shrom\u00e1\u017edilo-li se v\u00edce ne\u017e 6 000 hlasuj\u00edc\u00edch, pak ten, jeho\u017e jm\u00e9no bylo na st\u0159epech zm\u00edn\u011bno nej\u010dast\u011bji, byl automaticky vypov\u011bzen na 10 let z Ath\u00e9n. Do domovsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta se po tuto dobu nesm\u011bl pod hrozbou smrti vr\u00e1tit.<\/strong> Doty\u010dn\u00fd v\u0161ak nebyl nijak po\u0161kozen na majetku<\/strong>, nic mu nebr\u00e1nilo sehnat si prost\u0159edn\u00edka, kter\u00fd by tyto z\u00e1le\u017eitosti po dobu jeho nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti spravoval. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ostrakismus, p\u016fvodn\u011b ustaven\u00fd jako ochrana proti nastolen\u00ed tyranie, byl hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v politick\u00e9m boji, kdy dopadal i na schopn\u00e9 a ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed politiky.<\/strong> Doch\u00e1zelo i k p\u0159\u00edpad\u016fm, \u017ee ostrakizovan\u00e9mu byl zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm v\u00fdnosem povolen p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fd n\u00e1vrat. Kup\u0159\u00edkladu v dob\u011b hroz\u00edc\u00edho persk\u00e9ho vp\u00e1du roku 480 p\u0159. n. l. byl z vyhnanstv\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b povol\u00e1n osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd vojev\u016fdce Aristeid\u00e9s<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stoupenci aristokracie jej pova\u017eovali za obskurn\u00ed zvyk, kter\u00fd vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 nadan\u00e9 a v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 lidi zv\u016fli l\u016fzy. V \u0159eck\u00e9 historii se k n\u011bmu v\u00e1zala \u0159ada anekdot. Jedna z nich vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, jak k Aristeidovi, kter\u00fd byl pr\u00e1v\u011b navr\u017een k ostrakismu, p\u0159istoupil jist\u00fd ob\u010dan a po\u017e\u00e1dal ho, aby mu napsal na ostrakon jm\u00e9no Aristeid\u00e9s, proto\u017ee on s\u00e1m ps\u00e1t neum\u00ed. Aristeid\u00e9s se ho optal: \u201eA ty v\u00ed\u0161, kdo to je Aristeid\u00e9s?<\/mark><\/em>\u201c Ob\u010dan odpov\u011bd\u011bl: \u201eV\u016fbec ho nezn\u00e1m, ale je mi protivn\u00e9, jak ho v\u0161ude naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed spravedliv\u00fdm<\/em>.<\/mark>\u201c Aristeid\u00e9s pak beze slova napsal sv\u00e9 jm\u00e9no na jeho ostraku.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ostrakon je \u0159eck\u00e9 slovo ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed \u201est\u0159ep hlin\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1doby\u201c. St\u0159epy slou\u017eily i k takzvan\u00e9mu ostrakismu (st\u0159epinov\u00e9mu hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed). I my jsme se pokusili v hodin\u011b d\u011bjepisu vyrobit takov\u00e9to ostraky a z\u00e1rov\u011b\u0148 se tak sezn\u00e1mit i s \u0159eckou abecedou – alfabetou, kterou pak \u017e\u00e1ci vyu\u017eij\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v hodin\u00e1ch geometrie. Jen nam\u00edsto napsan\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na „nep\u0159\u00edtele“ Ath\u00e9n byly zru\u010dn\u011b na… \u010c\u00edst d\u00e1le »Jak jsme v d\u011bjepise ostrakizovali tak trochu naopak<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":29866,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[316,317],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6-a-23-24","category-6-b-23-24"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zszelena42.eu\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zszelena42.eu\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zszelena42.eu\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zszelena42.eu\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zszelena42.eu\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29857"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/zszelena42.eu\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29879,"href":"https:\/\/zszelena42.eu\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29857\/revisions\/29879"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zszelena42.eu\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zszelena42.eu\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zszelena42.eu\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zszelena42.eu\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}